No, the caliper will foul the vertical tube of the rack.

I do not have the measurements to hand, but the instructions say that the rack can be fitted to 700 wheel frames. I fitted to 26" wheel frame and there was lots of clearance including the mudguards that I also fitted.

I have just fitted to a frame with 37 tyres (26" x 1.5") without any problems and plenty of clearance.

This distance is variable, given the way these bars attach to the rack they can be used in 2 different conformations which would accomodate any frame from a very narrow tube to the oversized tubing found on many MTB's.

All the necessary fixings are included. M5 cap head (hex allen key) pretreated with thread lok and washers.

In my opinion - Yes. The seat tube brackets are adjustable in all planes and angles. I have just fitted to a Giant MTB frame with a steeply sloping cross bar making the seat tube very low, and the brackets of the Tor Tec rack still reached.

Yes, I have the same and use them for commuting everyday to work. They've worked perfectly for me on this rack.

No mate it will not fit. I bought a second one for my Trek 4300 Disk because I was so impressed with the one I bought last year for my road bike, but I returned it and bought a Topeak Super Tourist DX F/Disc Rear Rack. This fits a treat and although a bit more expensive it does the job.

Does not. Simply hang from top.

i doubt it, as 1 its very thin and 2 the legs come down with no angle to them, you would be better off going for the disc specific ones, which look like they could carry a tank.